Q1: What does the term "Aquifer" refer to?
A: A device used for water storage
B: An underground layer of water-bearing rock
C: A structure used for flood control
D: A system for wastewater treatment
Ans: B.
Q2: Which of the following is an example of a point source of water pollution?
A: Agricultural runoff
B: Urban stormwater
C: Industrial discharge
D: Erosion from construction sites
Ans: C.
Q3: In hydrology, what does the term "Infiltration" refer to?
A: The process of water movement in rivers
B: The process of water vapor turning into liquid water
C: The process of water seeping into the ground
D: The process of water evaporating from plants
Ans: C.
Q4: What is the purpose of a "Weir" in a river or channel?
A: To measure water velocity
B: To control flooding
C: To store water for irrigation
D: To treat wastewater
Ans: A.
Q5: Which method is commonly used to estimate peak flood discharges for various return periods?
A: Rational method
B: Unit hydrograph method
C: Gumbel's method
D: Sherman's method
Ans: C.
Q6: What is the primary purpose of a "Detention Basin" in stormwater management?
A: To store excess water during dry periods
B: To recharge groundwater
C: To prevent erosion
D: To control and reduce peak stormwater runoff
Ans: D.
Q7: The "Manning's roughness coefficient" is used to determine:
A: The rate of groundwater recharge
B: The coefficient of permeability of soils
C: The flow velocity in open channels
D: The sediment concentration in rivers
Ans: C.
Q8: Which of the following is a non-point source of water pollution?
A: Wastewater treatment plant discharge
B: Industrial effluent
C: Urban sewage
D: Agricultural runoff
Ans: D.
Q9: The process of water turning into water vapor and rising into the atmosphere is called:
A: Condensation
B: Evaporation
C: Precipitation
D: Sublimation
Ans: B.
Q10: The "Water Quality Index" (WQI) is used to assess:
A: The level of groundwater pollution
B: The ability of a water body to support aquatic life
C: The volume of water available in a reservoir
D: The water pressure in pipelines
Ans: B.
Q11: What is the primary purpose of a "Check Dam" in river engineering?
A: To prevent saltwater intrusion in estuaries
B: To control sediment transport
C: To generate hydroelectric power
D: To provide irrigation water to fields
Ans: B.
Q12: The term "Baseflow" in hydrology refers to:
A: The flow of water in rivers during storm events
B: The flow of groundwater to streams and rivers
C: The flow of water in canals and channels
D: The flow of water in underground pipes
Ans: B.
Q13: What does the term "Percolation" refer to in hydrogeology?
A: The process of water moving through the soil
B: The process of water vapor turning into liquid water
C: The process of water seeping out of a river
D: The process of water being absorbed by plants
Ans: A.
Q14: Which of the following is an example of a "Non-consumptive" water use?
A: Drinking water supply
B: Irrigation for crops
C: Cooling water for industrial processes
D: Water for fish and wildlife habitats
Ans: D.
Q15: The "Flood Frequency Analysis" is used to estimate:
A: The maximum flood height in a river
B: The time of concentration in stormwater runoff
C: The sediment load in rivers
D: The intensity of rainfall during a storm
Ans: A.
Q16: Which type of dam is built to store water in a natural river valley by constructing a wall across the river?
A: Arch dam B: Gravity dam
C: Buttress dam D: Embankment dam
Ans: D.
Q17: The "Mass Curve" in hydrology is used to analyze:
A: Water quality data
B: River cross-sections
C: Water budget for a reservoir
D: Streamflow hydrographs
Ans: C.
Q18: What is the primary purpose of "Floodplain Mapping" in water resources engineering?
A: To identify suitable locations for constructing dams
B: To assess the potential impact of flooding on communities and infrastructure
C: To study the flow velocity in rivers
D: To analyze sediment transport in rivers
Ans: B.
Q19: The "Horton's Infiltration Equation" is used to estimate:
A: The rate of evapotranspiration from vegetation
B: The rate of groundwater recharge
C: The rate of rainfall over a catchment
D: The rate of water seepage through a dam
Ans: B.
Q20: Which of the following is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of water?
A: Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
B: Turbidity
C: pH
D: Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
Ans: C.
Q21: What is the term used for the process of converting seawater into freshwater?
A: Filtration B: Desalination
C: Coagulation D: Flocculation
Ans: B.
Q22: The "Riparian Zone" refers to:
A: The zone where a river enters the sea
B: The area surrounding a lake
C: The area along the banks of a river or stream
D: The area between two adjacent aquifers
Ans: C.
Q23: What is the primary purpose of a "Reservoir" in water resources engineering?
A: To recharge groundwater
B: To control flooding
C: To treat wastewater
D: To store water for various uses
Ans: D.
Q24: The "Hazen-Williams Equation" is commonly used for:
A: Flow measurement in open channels
B: Flow measurement in closed conduits
C: Sediment transport calculation
D: Groundwater flow modeling
Ans: B.
Q25: Which of the following is a measure of the total dissolved salts in water?
A: Total Suspended Solids (TSS)
B: Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
C: Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
D: Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
Ans: C.
Q26: The process of "Eutrophication" in water bodies is primarily caused by:
A: Industrial discharges
B: Sediment runoff
C: Excessive nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen
D: Acid mine drainage
Ans: C.
Q27: Which of the following is the largest source of freshwater on Earth?
A: Lakes and reservoirs
B: Groundwater
C: Glaciers and ice caps
D: Rivers and streams
Ans: C.
Q28: The "Cone of Depression" in groundwater flow occurs around:
A: A pumping well
B: A recharge area
C: A natural spring
D: A dam reservoir
Ans: A.
Q29: What is the primary purpose of "Aeration" in water treatment?
A: To remove suspended solids
B: To disinfect water
C: To reduce hardness
D: To add oxygen to water
Ans: D.
Q30: Which method is used to determine the groundwater yield from a well by pumping it at a constant rate?
A: Slug test B: Step drawdown test
C: Pumping test D: Recovery test
Ans: C.
Q31: The "Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Method" is commonly used for:
A: Estimating peak flood discharges
B: Determining streamflow hydrographs
C: Predicting soil erosion
D: Designing detention basins
Ans: C.
Q32: What is the primary purpose of a "Levee" in river engineering?
A: To regulate flow velocity
B: To recharge groundwater
C: To prevent saltwater intrusion
D: To prevent flooding of adjacent land
Ans: D.
Q33: The term "Drawdown" in groundwater refers to:
A: The lowering of the water table due to excessive pumping
B: The lateral movement of groundwater
C: The process of water seeping into the ground
D: The flow of water in underground aquifers
Ans: A.
Q34: What is the primary purpose of "Aqueducts" in water resources engineering?
A: To supply water to irrigation canals
B: To convey water across valleys and gorges
C: To recharge groundwater
D: To treat wastewater
Ans: B.
Q35: Which type of water supply system is characterized by a network of pipes under pressure?
A: Gravity system B: Pumped system
C: Siphon system D: Natural system
Ans: B.
Q36: The process of "Coagulation" in water treatment involves:
A: Adding chlorine to disinfect water
B: Removing suspended particles by settling
C: Adding chemicals to neutralize acidity
D: Adding chemicals to clump together fine particles
Ans: D.
Q37: The "Thiessen Polygon Method" is used to:
A: Estimate flood discharges
B: Determine groundwater flow direction
C: Calculate precipitation over a catchment area
D: Analyze sediment transport in rivers
Ans: C.
Q38: What is the primary purpose of a "Stormwater Pond" in urban drainage systems?
A: To recharge groundwater
B: To store excess stormwater and release it gradually
C: To remove pollutants from stormwater
D: To supply water for irrigation
Ans: B.
Q39: The term "Water Hammer" in water supply systems refers to:
A: The sudden increase in water pressure during peak demand
B: The sudden drop in water level in a reservoir
C: The rapid movement of water in a river during a flood
D: The sudden increase in flow velocity in a pipe
Ans: A.
Q40: Which of the following is a measure of the amount of dissolved oxygen needed to break down organic matter in water?
A: Turbidity B: pH
C: Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
D: Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
Ans: C.
Q41: The process of "Desalination" is used to produce freshwater from:
A: Ice caps and glaciers
B: Rivers and streams
C: Ocean and seawater
D: Lakes and reservoirs
Ans: C.
Q42: What is the primary purpose of a "Culvert" in water resources engineering?
A: To control sediment transport
B: To recharge groundwater
C: To remove excess water from a road or railway
D: To store water for irrigation
Ans: C.
Q43: The "Mass Balance Equation" in hydrology is used to calculate:
A: Water availability in a reservoir
B: Water storage capacity in a dam
C: Sediment load in a river
D: Groundwater recharge rate
Ans: A.
Q44: Which of the following is a measure of the settling velocity of particles in water?
A: Flow velocity B: Turbidity
C: Settling velocity D: Streamflow
Ans: C.
Q45: The "Unit Hydrograph Method" is used to:
A: Estimate the volume of water in a reservoir
B: Estimate peak flood discharges
C: Predict groundwater levels
D: Calculate the flow velocity in rivers
Ans: B.
Q46: What is the primary purpose of "Sedimentation" in water treatment?
A: To remove bacteria and viruses
B: To remove dissolved salts
C: To remove suspended particles
D: To reduce hardness
Ans: C.
Q47: Which type of water supply system relies on gravity to deliver water to consumers without the need for pumping?
A: Pressurized system B: Centralized system
C: Decentralized system D: Gravity system
Ans: D.
Q48: The "Transient Well Test" is used to determine:
A: Groundwater flow direction
B: Groundwater recharge rate
C: The specific capacity of a well
D: The total dissolved solids in groundwater
Ans: C.
Q49: The term "Flash Flood" refers to:
A: A flood caused by snowmelt
B: A flood that occurs rapidly after heavy rainfall
C: A flood that lasts for an extended period
D: A flood caused by storm surge
Ans: B.
Q50: What is the primary purpose of "Flood Control Dams"?
A: To provide water for irrigation
B: To generate hydroelectric power
C: To prevent flooding in downstream areas
D: To recharge groundwater
Ans: C.
Q51: Which of the following is a measure of the ability of a soil to allow water to pass through it?
A: Permeability B: Turbidity
C: Hardness D: Cohesion
Ans: A.
Q52: The "Hydrologic Cycle" refers to:
A: The process of water purification in treatment plants
B: The continuous movement of water between the atmosphere, land, and oceans
C: The process of water seeping into the ground
D: The process of water evaporation from oceans
Ans: B.
Q53: What is the primary purpose of "Groundwater Recharge" in water resources engineering?
A: To reduce flood risk in urban areas
B: To prevent saltwater intrusion
C: To increase groundwater levels
D: To control erosion
Ans: C.
Q54: The "Snyder Unit Hydrograph" is used to estimate:
A: Groundwater flow direction
B: Stormwater runoff
C: Streamflow hydrographs
D: Peak flood discharges
Ans: C.
Q55: Which of the following is a measure of the cloudiness of water due to suspended particles?
A: Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
B: Turbidity
C: pH
D: Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
Ans: B.
Q56: The process of "Filtration" in water treatment involves:
A: Adding chlorine to disinfect water
B: Removing suspended particles by settling
C: Adding chemicals to neutralize acidity
D: Passing water through a porous medium to remove impurities
Ans: D.
Q57: What is the primary purpose of "Water Supply Intake" structures in surface water sources?
A: To control sediment transport
B: To prevent saltwater intrusion
C: To withdraw water for treatment
D: To store excess water during dry periods
Ans: C.
Q58: The term "Piezometric Surface" in groundwater refers to:
A: The level of groundwater elevation in a well
B: The boundary between saturated and unsaturated zones
C: The rate of groundwater flow
D: The depth of a well below the ground surface
Ans: A.
Q59: Which type of water supply system is commonly used in rural areas, where water is drawn from wells and springs?
A: Gravity system
B: Pumped system
C: Siphon system
D: Natural system
Ans: D.
Q60: The "Gumbel's Method" is used for:
A: Flow measurement in open channels
B: Design of water distribution networks
C: Estimating peak flood discharges
D: Prediction of groundwater levels
Ans: C.
Q61: What is the primary purpose of "Gabion" structures in river engineering?
A: To regulate flow velocity
B: To prevent erosion of riverbanks
C: To recharge groundwater
D: To store water for irrigation
Ans: B.
Q62: Which of the following is a measure of the amount of organic matter in water?
A: Turbidity
B: pH
C: Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
D: Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
Ans: C.
Q63: The process of "Flocculation" in water treatment involves:
A: Adding chlorine to disinfect water
B: Removing suspended particles by settling
C: Adding chemicals to neutralize acidity
D: Adding chemicals to clump together fine particles
Ans: D.
Q64: What is the primary purpose of a "Stormwater Swale" in urban drainage systems?
A: To recharge groundwater
B: To store excess stormwater and release it gradually
C: To remove pollutants from stormwater
D: To supply water for irrigation
Ans: B.
Q65: The term "Water Surplus" refers to:
A: Excess water availability in a catchment area
B: A situation where demand for water exceeds supply
C: The difference between groundwater recharge and discharge
D: The rate of water flow in a river
Ans: A.
Q66: Which of the following is a measure of the ability of a soil to retain water?
A: Permeability
B: Turbidity
C: Hardness
D: Porosity
Ans: D.
Q67: The "Arithmetic Mean Method" is used to calculate:
A: Groundwater flow velocity
B: Groundwater recharge rate
C: The volume of water in a reservoir
D: The rate of evapotranspiration from vegetation
Ans: B.
Q68: What is the primary purpose of a "Flume" in open channel flow measurement?
A: To measure water velocity
B: To control sediment transport
C: To recharge groundwater
D: To treat wastewater
Ans: A.
Q69: The term "Evapotranspiration" refers to:
A: The process of water vapor turning into liquid water
B: The process of water seeping into the ground
C: The combined processes of water evaporation from the surface and transpiration from plants
D: The process of water turning into water vapor and rising into the atmosphere
Ans: C.
Q70: Which type of water supply system relies on pumps to deliver water to consumers?
A: Pressurized system
B: Centralized system
C: Decentralized system
D: Gravity system
Ans: A.
Q71: The "Boussinesq Equation" is used to calculate:
A: The velocity of flow in open channels
B: The volume of water in a reservoir
C: Groundwater flow velocity
D: Peak flood discharges
Ans: D.
Q72: What is the primary purpose of "Flood Forecasting" in water resources engineering?
A: To predict stormwater runoff
B: To control erosion
C: To estimate groundwater levels
D: To warn and protect communities from potential flooding
Ans: D.
Q73: The term "Seepage" in water resources engineering refers to:
A: The process of water evaporating from the soil surface
B: The process of water vapor turning into liquid water
C: The movement of water through a dam or embankment
D: The process of water seeping into the ground
Ans: C.
Q74: Which of the following is a measure of the ability of a soil to retain and transmit water?
A: Permeability
B: Turbidity
C: Hardness
D: Cohesion
Ans: A.
Q75: The process of "Ozonation" in water treatment is used for:
A: Removing suspended particles
B: Adding oxygen to water
C: Removing color and taste from water
D: Disinfecting water and removing organic pollutants
Ans: D.
Q76: What is the primary purpose of a "Water Tower" in a water supply system?
A: To control sediment transport
B: To store excess water during dry periods
C: To prevent saltwater intrusion
D: To regulate water pressure in distribution networks
Ans: D.
Q77: The "Dupuit Equation" is used to calculate:
A: Groundwater recharge rate
B: Groundwater flow velocity
C: The volume of water in a reservoir
D: Peak flood discharges
Ans: A.
Q78: Which of the following is a measure of the organic matter and nutrients in water that can support the growth of algae and aquatic plants?
A: Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
B: Turbidity
C: Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
D: Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
Ans: C.
Q79: The term "Drawdown" in groundwater refers to:
A: The lowering of the water table due to excessive pumping
B: The lateral movement of groundwater
C: The process of water seeping into the ground
D: The flow of water in underground aquifers
Ans: A.
Q80: What is the primary purpose of "Rainwater Harvesting" systems in water resources engineering?
A: To recharge groundwater
B: To control erosion
C: To store excess stormwater
D: To collect and store rainwater for various uses
Ans: D.
Q81: The term "Water Deficit" refers to:
A: Excess water availability in a catchment area
B: A situation where demand for water exceeds supply
C: The difference between groundwater recharge and discharge
D: The rate of water flow in a river
Ans: B.
Q82: Which of the following is a measure of the amount of organic matter in water?
A: Turbidity
B: pH
C: Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
D: Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
Ans: C.
Q83: The process of "Flocculation" in water treatment involves:
A: Adding chlorine to disinfect water
B: Removing suspended particles by settling
C: Adding chemicals to neutralize acidity
D: Adding chemicals to clump together fine particles
Ans: D.
Q84: What is the primary purpose of a "Stormwater Swale" in urban drainage systems?
A: To recharge groundwater
B: To store excess stormwater and release it gradually
C: To remove pollutants from stormwater
D: To supply water for irrigation
Ans: B.
Q85: The term "Water Surplus" refers to:
A: Excess water availability in a catchment area
B: A situation where demand for water exceeds supply
C: The difference between groundwater recharge and discharge
D: The rate of water flow in a river
Ans: A.
Q86: Which of the following is a measure of the ability of a soil to retain water?
A: Permeability
B: Turbidity
C: Hardness
D: Porosity
Ans: D.
Q87: The "Arithmetic Mean Method" is used to calculate:
A: Groundwater flow velocity
B: Groundwater recharge rate
C: The volume of water in a reservoir
D: The rate of evapotranspiration from vegetation
Ans: B.
Q88: What is the primary purpose of a "Flume" in open channel flow measurement?
A: To measure water velocity
B: To control sediment transport
C: To recharge groundwater
D: To treat wastewater
Ans: A.
Q89: The term "Evapotranspiration" refers to:
A: The process of water vapor turning into liquid water
B: The process of water seeping into the ground
C: The combined processes of water evaporation from the surface and transpiration from plants
D: The process of water turning into water vapor and rising into the atmosphere
Ans: C.
Q90: Which type of water supply system is commonly used in rural areas, where water is drawn from wells and springs?
A: Gravity system
B: Pumped system
C: Siphon system
D: Natural system
Ans: D.
Q91: The "Gumbel's Method" is used for:
A: Flow measurement in open channels
B: Design of water distribution networks
C: Estimating peak flood discharges
D: Prediction of groundwater levels
Ans: C.
Q92: What is the primary purpose of "Gabion" structures in river engineering?
A: To regulate flow velocity
B: To prevent erosion of riverbanks
C: To recharge groundwater
D: To store water for irrigation
Ans: B.
Q93: Which of the following is a measure of the amount of organic matter in water?
A: Turbidity
B: pH
C: Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
D: Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
Ans: C.
Q94: The process of "Flocculation" in water treatment involves:
A: Adding chlorine to disinfect water
B: Removing suspended particles by settling
C: Adding chemicals to neutralize acidity
D: Adding chemicals to clump together fine particles
Ans: D.
Q95: What is the primary purpose of a "Stormwater Swale" in urban drainage systems?
A: To recharge groundwater
B: To store excess stormwater and release it gradually
C: To remove pollutants from stormwater
D: To supply water for irrigation
Ans: B.
Q96: The term "Water Surplus" refers to:
A: Excess water availability in a catchment area
B: A situation where demand for water exceeds supply
C: The difference between groundwater recharge and discharge
D: The rate of water flow in a river
Ans: A.
Q97: Which of the following is a measure of the ability of a soil to retain water?
A: Permeability
B: Turbidity
C: Hardness
D: Porosity
Ans: D.
Q98: The "Arithmetic Mean Method" is used to calculate:
A: Groundwater flow velocity
B: Groundwater recharge rate
C: The volume of water in a reservoir
D: The rate of evapotranspiration from vegetation
Ans: B.
Q99: What is the primary purpose of a "Flume" in open channel flow measurement?
A: To measure water velocity
B: To control sediment transport
C: To recharge groundwater
D: To treat wastewater
Ans: A.
Q100: The term "Evapotranspiration" refers to:
A: The process of water vapor turning into liquid water
B: The process of water seeping into the ground
C: The combined processes of water evaporation from the surface and transpiration from plants
D: The process of water turning into water vapor and rising into the atmosphere
Ans: C.
